The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. Moreover, 6 0 obj The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. The current problems facing the Nigeria government and the Biafra separatist agitators originate in the causes and the effects of the Nigerian Civil war (06 July 1967-15 January 1970). Besides the Big Three - Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Resource control: 3.7 7. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Useful tips on how to download from YouTube using SS, 10 most delicious Nigerian dishes for dinner, "Youve admitted election was flawed", Atiku replies Tinubu campaign, Whitney Adeyemi: Protest Hits Lagos as Residents Besiege Chrisland School, Long Fulani tribal braids: 30 beautiful styles to try out, Old Naira notes: 5 key things to know about Supreme Court's final verdict, "Precious don finish work": Little girl with 'anointing' prays passionately over food as mum watches, video trends. 33 The Marriage Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990, sec 18 specifically stipulates: "If either party to an intended marriage, not being a Consent widower or widow, is under twenty-one years of age, the written consent of the father, or if he be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the mother, or if both be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the . Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Thus, federalism is mostly considered a tangible element for coexistence, but much more, I think, as political syrup, for adumbrating potent dislocations inherent in, and symptomatic of pluralist societies. /Filter /FlateDecode The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. Full History of Nigerian Federalism. What a nice article, very educative for students in school, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Economic factors and Diversities in culture. It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. /Resources << Again, in 1967 twelve states were created to appease the interest of those clamoring for states and weaken the geo-political holds of Biafra. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. This makes it possible for the minorities to be separated from the domination of big ethnic groups. After nearly three decades of cumulative military rule, the country returned to civilian governance in 1999 under a presidential system of government. /F2 9 0 R The Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the Igbos and Yorubas. Critically, after that train, every other train went to Nigeria from Nigeria, indicating the enormity of the wall of enmity demarcating Nigeria from the sovereign State of Biafra. REVENUE ALLOCATION IN NIGERIA: NEED FOR REFORM? The logic for this call, nay, agitation for self-determination by this group is not faulty in itself except that the laws of the land; Nigeria 1999 Constitution (as amended) does not guarantee self-determination or secession by any group of the Nigerian political environment. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . Introduction In a statement on the 2015 Nigerian General Elections the Freedom House (2015a) congratulated Nigerians for an election that appears to be one of the smoothest and least violent in Nigeria's Rt. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. This paper exploits the growth benefits that ICT sector has provided and its impact on the Nigerian economy. Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. % There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. You are welcome dear reader. +roiF9_? AK ku nh4P9\ }}31Ik "V mk@G~ . Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. The chief architect of this theory is Riker. Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. s" It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. Send the Following Details on WhatsApp ( 08143831497) After Payment. /Subtype /Image The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Hon. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? From the above explanation, one can rightly say that the constitution of Nigeria and United States of America are federal constitutions while the constitution of France and the Republic of Ireland are Unitary constitutions. There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. government and the governed by enhancing political cohesion in such country with regional, ethic, racial, linguistic and cultural diversity like Nigeria. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. This embodies ideas of promise, obligation, and undertaking; and consequently, the federal idea draws on collaboration, reciprocity, and mutuality. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. That is often the reason why some adherents of Marx quarrel vehemently about such preordained classification such as: haves and have-nots; and the liberal minds grappling with, insisting not only that all hands are not equal, but that they must never, for whatsoever reason at all, be made equal - believing that that would tantamount to the highest injustice. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. Also see: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria. It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . a system of state organization, to bring a workable polity with a just moral order is the reason why states adopt or should adopt federalism. >> >> What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. Constitutionalism in Nigeria has been crisis-ridden since independence in 1960. Thus, Nigeria's federalism is not only complex but also hard to understand. It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. /Type /XObject It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism. a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. Now, because the level of the development of the productive forces was still at a rudimentary stage, the pervasiveness of commodity relations was equally at a low level. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. %PDF-1.5 This feature of federalism is widely believed to be a veritable framework for even and need-sensitive development. Unfortunately, to suit their interests and political agenda, the federal and state governments over time immemorial have maintained great level of . The advanced economies where Nigeria had borrowed leaves from, such as USA practice federalism. Other specific reasons for the increasing demand for decentralisation are: Central governments increasingly are finding that it is impossible for them to . As a heterogeneous state, Nigeria operates a federal structure which accommodates a Central government and sub-national, otherwise, state governments with several other municipal administrations; local government, therefore enabling a tripartite level of governance. Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. /Contents 4 0 R It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. Pls visit us again dear reader. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. /Length 14727 Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE?
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