At the end of the trial, the Ceauescus were found guilty and sentenced to death. (2001). North Korean books on Juche were translated into Romanian and widely distributed inside the country.[26]. [89] It is also the heaviest building in the world, being constructed of 700,000 tonnes of steel and bronze, a million square feet of marble, and large amounts of crystal and wood. El era printre membrii fondatori ai partidului comunist. Ga naar zoeken Ga naar hoofdinhoud. Effectively, Ceauescu now held all governing power in the nation; virtually all party and state institutions were subordinated to his will. The suspicious death of Vasile Milea, Ceauescu's defence minister, later confirmed as a suicide (he tried to incapacitate himself with a flesh wound but a bullet severed his artery),[54] was announced by the media. In the 1960s, he eased press censorship and ended Romania's active participation in the Warsaw Pact, but Romania formally remained a member. [14] In October 1966, Ceauescu banned abortion and contraception and brought in one of the world's harshest anti-abortion laws,[15] leading to a large spike in the number of Romanian infants abandoned to the country's orphanages. Search forums Register Login (0 votes, average: .00/10) Nicolae Ceausescu. The result of the neglect of the Romani, who had long been a highly vulnerable ethnic minority group across Europe, left the majority of the Romani people in Romania in significant poverty and it also left them at risk of becoming victims of hate crimes. Many of the children in these orphanages were rejected due to mental and physical deficiencies. Demonstrations in the city of Timioara were triggered by the government-sponsored attempt to evict Lszl Tks, an ethnic Hungarian pastor, accused by the government of inciting ethnic hatred. The first protests began practically on November 14, 1987, at the 440 "Molds" Section of the Red Flag truck company. [53], However, Ceauescu had misjudged the crowd's mood. This allowed Romanians to act as peasants and workers at the same time. EXECUTED ON CHRISTMAS DAY - Nicolae and Elena Ceauescu DEATH ROW 42.1K subscribers Subscribe 251K views 1 year ago hello everyone executed on Christmas day, Nicolae Ceauescu was born on 23. [49], Under the regime, the Romani were excluded from the list of "co-inhabiting nationalities" which was drafted by it, and as a result, they lacked any representation as an ethnic group in the government. I know theres a movie with fake footage out there but my teacher says there is a real video. Ceauescu was likewise stripped of his honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (GCB) status by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom on the day before his execution. My history teacher promised a perfect score to anyone who finds it. Before his sentence was carried out, Nicolae Ceauescu sang "The Internationale" whilst being led towards the wall. Gaining the public's confidence, Ceauescu took a clear stand against the 1968 crushing of the Prague Spring by Leonid Brezhnev. [16] In 1971, Romania became a member of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3Y1dmq2Hmk, This is the only one that still works. Many believe that Ceauescu's death played a role in influencing Mobutu to "democratise" Zare in 1990.[79]. Getty Images offers exclusive rights-ready and premium royalty-free analog, HD, and 4K video of the highest quality. By the morning of 22 December, the rebellion had already spread to all major cities across the country. Extracts of the graphic 90-minute videotape were aired exclusively by the On 18 December 1989, Ceauescu departed for a state visit to Iran, leaving the duty of crushing the Timioara revolt to his subordinates and his wife. Computer & Elektronica. VIDEO 216 Nicolae Ceausescu Death Premium High Res Photos Browse 216 nicolae ceausescu death stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. The whole process took only an hour and a half. He carried this nationalist option inside the Party, manipulating it against the nominated successor Apostol. In May 1969, Marcolino Candau, Director General of this organization, visited Romania and declared that the visits of WHO staff to various Romanian hospital establishments had made an extraordinarily good impression. Ceauescu's attempts to implement policies that would lead to a significant growth of the population led to a growing number of unsafe abortions and increased the number of orphans in state institutions. [48], During the Ceauescu regime, the Romani were largely neglected. (There are larger private sector buildings, mainly for the construction of aircraft, that have more continuous volume in one building, such as the Boeing Everett Factory.) In: Casey S., Wright J. In effect, this amounted to a demand for the return of Bessarabia (most of which was then a Soviet republic and since 1991 has been independent Moldova) and northern Bukovina, both of which had been occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940 and again at the end of World War II. [76] For his part, Gorbachev made no secret of his distaste for Ceauescu, whom he called "the Romanian fhrer". Based on his birth certificate, he was born on 5 February[O.S. [48], A few days after the workers' revolt, Ctlin Bia, a student at the Faculty of Forestry, sat in front of the canteen with a placard that read: "The arrested workers must not die". and "We want bread without a card!". Nicolae Ceauescu [nikolae teauesku] (Aussprache? [31] This was the first state visit by a Communist head of state to the UK, and Ceauescu was given a knighthood by the Queen, which was revoked on the day before his death in 1989. For other people, see, President of the Socialist Republic of Romania, Oil embargo, strike and foreign relations, Yearly evolution (in billions of dollars), Foreign state orders, decorations and medals, (All Soviet decorations and medals were revoked in 1990). I come from Chile and its a subject called "contemporary society". [10] In 1943, he was transferred to Trgu Jiu internment camp, where he shared a cell with Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, becoming his protg. biographies on nicolae ceausescu research papers on "Pressestimmen Ein fesselndes Stck europischer Zeitgeschichte. (Mitteldeutsche Zeitung)Thomas Kunze zeichnet . Soon after being freed, he was arrested again and sentenced for "conspiracy against social order", spending the time during the war in prisons and internment camps: Jilava (1940), Caransebe (1942), Vcreti (1943), and Trgu Jiu (1943). This meant that the later 1980s were marked by a pronounced anti-Hungarian discourse, which owed more to nationalist tradition than to Marxism,[75] and the ultimate isolation of Romania on the world stage. [citation needed] The 1977 earthquake which destroyed much of Bucharest also led to delays in the oil plan. It was on Christmas Day 30 years ago that Romania's tyrannical communist dictator Nicolae Ceausescu was executed by firing squad after a summary trial. The 1974 XIth Party Congress tightened the Party's grip on Romanian culture, guiding it towards Ceauescu's nationalist principles. Lupemena. In 1954, Ceauescu became a full member of the Politburo and eventually rose to occupy the second-highest position in the party hierarchy. [60], The Ceauescus were the last people to be executed in Romania before the abolition of capital punishment on 7 January 1990.[61]. [citation needed] He, Elena and four others managed to get to the roof and escape by helicopter, only seconds ahead of a group of demonstrators who had followed them there. Nicolae and Elena Ceausescu before execution (December, 1989) EloyPaula51379843. Medical control was seen as one of the most productive effects of the law, since all women who became pregnant were under the care of a qualified medical practitioner, even in rural areas. Czechoslovak President Gustv Husk's resignation on 10 December 1989 amounted to the fall of the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia, leaving Ceauescu's Romania as the only remaining hard-line Communist regime in the Warsaw Pact.[50][51][52]. Kemenici says he . Hi! "The Return of PopulismThe 2000 Romanian Elections". The Romanian Senate, which was originally housed in the former building of the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party, has been headquartered in the Parliamentary Palace since 2004. It was previously called The House of the People and The People's House. They were eventually turned over to the army. He was the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and the second and last Communist leader of Romania. Haha, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKyyYbMx6YM, Tell your teacher to look up who the camera man was, and check online what he does for a living todayhe might be in for a surprise. Some 300 protesters were arrested and in order to hide the idea that the Braov uprising had been a political one, the protesters were tried for disturbing the public peace and outrage against morals. [66], While the term Ceauism became widely used inside Romania,[citation needed] usually as a pejorative, it never achieved status in academia. Nicolae Ceausescu 1 - Nicolae Ceausescu. During the following years Ceauescu pursued an open policy towards the United States and Western Europe. [72] The government continued its cultural dialogue with ancient forms, with Ceauescu connecting his cult of personality to figures such as Mircea cel Btrn (lit. Wednesday marks 30 years since Nicolae Ceausescu, Romania's authoritarian communist leader, was deposed and executed - an event that signalled a new beginning in the country following a bloody. Muziek, Film & Games. Ceauescu's Romania was the only Warsaw Pact country that did not sever diplomatic relations with Chile after Augusto Pinochet's coup. [55] The Hungarian military attach expressed doubt regarding these figures, pointing out the unfeasible logistics of killing such a large number of people in such a short period of time. Host virtual town halls, onboard and train employees, collaborate . In the footage, Romanian president Nicolae Ceausescu can be seen delivering a speech from the balcony of the Central Committee building overlooking Palace Square, now know as "Revolution Square," where he praised the achievements of Romania's socialist regime and its "multi . [24] It marked the highest point in Ceauescu's popularity, when he openly condemned the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. In 1988, real GDP contracted by 0.5%, mostly due to a decline in industrial output caused by significantly increased material costs. She was previously married to Nicolae Ceausescu. Foto", "Cataloagele colare i autobiografia lui Nicolae Ceauescu, fcute publice de Arhivele Naionale", "L.A.'s greatest sports moments No. . Upon his return to Romania on the evening of 20 December, the situation became even more tense, and he gave a televised speech from the TV studio inside the Central Committee Building (CC Building), in which he spoke about the events at Timioara in terms of an "interference of foreign forces in Romania's internal affairs" and an "external aggression on Romania's sovereignty". It was on Christmas Day 30 years ago that Romania's tyrannical communist dictator Nicolae Ceausescu was executed by firing squad after a summary trial. In practice, from 1974 onward Ceauescu frequently ruled by decree. The new post, however, made him the nation's top decision-maker both in name and in fact. In an attempt to correct this, Ceauescu decided to repay Romania's foreign debts. 2010 | Categorie de vrst: 13+ | 3 h | Filme documentare. In April 2007, their son, Valentin Ceauescu, lost an appeal for an investigation into whether the graves were genuine. Mothers of at least five children were entitled to receive significant benefits, while mothers of at least ten children were declared "heroine mothers" by the Romanian state. E doar o chestiune de nivel estetic, dac el se cheam Baudelaire sau Bolintineanu, Ludovic al XVI-lea sau Nicolae Ceauescu", spune Andrei Ujic, regizorul filmului. Kemenici declares that during the December 22-25 1989, in Romania there were more power centers that claimed priority over the life or death of the Ceausescu couple. 46% dintre romnii intervievai l-ar vota acum pe Nicolae Ceauescu la prezideniale", "Ceauescu still most beloved President of Romania", "IMDb entry for 'Die letzten Tage der Ceausescus', "Ceausescu the Musical | the culture vulture", https://www.prazskyhradarchiv.cz/file/edee/vyznamenani/cs_rbl.pdf, "Senarai Penuh Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan Tahun 1984", "President's Week in Review: April 7 April 13, 1975", Gheorghe E. (2015) Nicolae Ceauescu. In 1978, Ion Mihai Pacepa, a senior member of the Romanian political police (Securitate, State Security), defected to the United States. Do you have an example that you can share? On Christmas Day, 25 December 1989, the Ceauescus were tried before a court convened in a small room on orders of the National Salvation Front, Romania's provisional government. In 1982, Ceauescu directed the government to export much of the country's agricultural and industrial production in an effort to repay these debts. It was written by Tom Bailey and Greg Jameson, with songs by Allan Stelmach, and depicted Nicolae and Elena Ceauescu and their son Valentin in a piece of meta musical theatre that was also a comment upon celebrity culture and the role social media and political correctness play in creating social pariahs.[99]. The soldiers agreed to this and began to tie their hands behind their backs, which the Ceauescus protested against, but were powerless to prevent. [35], Romania's recordhaving all of its debts to commercial banks paid off in fullhas not been matched by any other heavily indebted country in the world. Participants later claimed to have chanted slogans such as "Down with Ceauescu! However, Ion Iliescu, Romania's provisional president, said in 2009 that the trial was "quite shameful, but necessary" in order to end the state of near-anarchy that had gripped the country in the three days since the Ceauescus fled Bucharest. He was joined by colleagues Lucian Silaghi and Horia erban. Upon his rise to power, he eased press censorship and openly condemned the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in his speech on 21 August 1968, which resulted in a surge in popularity. This nationalist policy had more timid precedents:[69] for example, Gheorghiu-Dej had overseen the withdrawal of the Red Army in 1958. [63], Praising the crimes of totalitarian governments and denigrating their victims is forbidden by law in Romania; this includes the Ceauescu era. Images of Ceauescu's facial expression as the crowd began to boo and heckle him were among the most widely broadcast of the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe.[13]. 1990 58 m IMDb RATING 9.2 /10 29 YOUR RATING Rate Documentary Drama The story of the events that led up to the revolt against, overthrow and eventual execution of murderous longtime Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceaucescu. A bloody battle played out in Romania in. ", "Down with communism! Director Ted Koppel Writers John Fielding Ted Koppel Stars Ted Koppel Silviu Brucan Elena Ceausescu It also started adding Dacian or Roman versions to the names of cities and towns (Drobeta to Turnu Severin, Napoca to Cluj). Convertible currency exports were promoted at all costs and imports were severely compressed. Although he had previously been a careful supporter of the official lines, Ceauescu came to embody Romanian society's wish for independence after what many considered years of Soviet directives and purges, during and after the SovRom fiasco. He was the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and the second and last Communist leader of Romania. The Communist Party daily Scnteia published the message, unaware that it was a work of satire. Speelgoed, Hobby & Feest. [25] Furthermore, that Kim and even more so Mao had broken free of Soviet control were additional sources of admiration for Ceauescu. However, the resulting period of stability was brief as his government soon became totalitarian and was considered the most repressive in the Eastern Bloc at the time. The Ceauescus were executed by a gathering of soldiers: Captain Ionel Boeru, Sergeant-Major Georghin Octavian and Dorin-Marian Crlan,[57] while reportedly hundreds of others also volunteered. The rioters, however, were no match for the military apparatus concentrated in Bucharest, which cleared the streets by midnight and arrested hundreds of people in the process. Nicolae Ceauescu had a major influence on modern-day Romanian populist rhetoric. In practice, a number of joint party-state organizations were founded such as the Council for Socialist Education and Culture, which had no precise counterpart in any of the other communist states of Eastern Europe, and the Romanian Communist Party was embedded into the daily life of the nation in a way that it never had been before. Among these were: continuous growth in the "leading role" of the Party; improvement of Party education and of mass political action; youth participation on large construction projects as part of their "patriotic work"; an intensification of political-ideological education in schools and universities, as well as in children's, youth and student organizations; and an expansion of political propaganda, orienting radio and television shows to this end, as well as publishing houses, theatres and cinemas, opera, ballet, artists' unions, promoting a "militant, revolutionary" character in artistic productions. Track the rise and fall of Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceausescu through this documentary which constructs his portrait by only using archival footage. He ruled Romania according to orthodox Communist principles, causing food . His political apparatus sent many thousands of political opponents to prison or psychiatric hospitals. WITH THE MOST ACCURATE INFORMATION I COULD GET TROUGH EXTENSIVE RESEARCH, ALL ARE FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act of 1976, allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Romanian state television was under strict orders to portray him in the best possible light. After a visit from Charles de Gaulle earlier in the same year, during which the French President gave recognition to the incipient maverick, Ceauescu's public speech in August deeply impressed the population, not only through its themes, but also because, uniquely, it was unscripted. 23 January] 1918 [1] - 25 December 1989) was a Romanian communist politician and dictator. Such conditions have lasted into modern-day Romania as demonstrated by the policies of several subsequent presidents. This led Romanians to joke that Ceauescu was creating "socialism in one family", a pun on "socialism in one country". Subsequently, graffiti of solidarity with the workers' revolt appeared on the student campus, and some students distributed manifestos. Pinstripes and Reds: An American Ambassador Caught Between the State Department & the Romanian Communists, 19811985 Washington, D.C.: Selous Foundation Press, 1987. He took great interest in the idea of total national transformation as embodied in the programmes of North Korea's Juche and China's Cultural Revolution. This link seems to lead to the real footage. In November 1989, the XIVth Congress of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) saw Ceauescu, then aged 71, re-elected for another five years as leader of the PCR. Mai vechi ca el erau . ", "Down with the dictatorship!" Economic mismanagement due to failed oil ventures during the 1970s led to skyrocketing foreign debts for Romania. Extracts of the graphic 90-minute videotape were aired exclusively by the French television network TF1. [38], A tentative coup d'tat planned in October 1984 failed when the military unit assigned to carry out the plan was sent to harvest maize instead. The building of the Palace of the Parliament was the most extreme expression of the systematization program imposed by Nicolae Ceauescu upon Romania. However, for Romania, like other Eastern People's Republics, industrialization did not mean a total social break with the countryside. Has anyone got the real video of Nicolae Ceausescu's death? This can be seen, perhaps most blatantly, with a motion from the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Romanian Workers Party, which largely laid the foundation for the Ceauescu regime's policies regarding the rights of ethnic minorities. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. [12] It was Ceauescu's time at Trgu Jiu that marked the beginning of his rise to power. The liberalization of 1965 was condemned and an index of banned books and authors was re-established. France granted Nicolae Ceauescu the Legion of Honour. [citation needed]. [5] Ceauescu and his wife Elena fled the capital in a helicopter, but they were captured by the military after the armed forces changed sides. Believing that Milea had been murdered, rank-and-file soldiers switched sides to the revolution almost en masse. [citation needed], Not surprisingly, Ceauescu was greatly concerned about his public image. Obituaries: Eugeniu Iordachescu, Romanian engineer who saved condemned churches under communist rule, dies at 89. [78], Nicolae Ceauescu was a close ally and personal friend of dictator Mobutu Sese Seko of Zare. In 1967, he consolidated his power by becoming president of the State Council, making him de jure head of state. The Communist dictator and his wife were tried and executed Dec. 25. Sign in Nicolae Ceauescu - The fall and death - History channel History channel 2.45K subscribers Subscribe 458 Save 564K views 8 years ago Notice Age-restricted video (based on Community. Home; Movie Posters; Tv Posters; Stars; Trailers; Free Photos; Lists; Search forums + Register Login. He directed the construction of the Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest, which broke ground in June 1984. DNA tests were able to conclusively prove his identity. Starring: Nicolae Ceausescu, Elena Ceausescu. Those arrested were investigated then expelled from the Faculty; returned to the localities from whence they came and placed under strict supervision along with their families. Can you please detail the how the teacher asked you this? [62] According to the Jurnalul Naional,[63] requests were made by the Ceauescus' daughter, Zoia, and by supporters of their political views, to move their remains to mausoleums or to purpose-built churches. This can be explained by the largely crude and syncretic character of the dogma. [8] His father Andru (18861969) owned 3 hectares (7.4 acres) of agricultural land and a few sheep, and Nicolae supplemented his large family's income through tailoring. MungiuPippidi, A. In the final years of Gheorghiu-Dej's rule, more problems were openly discussed, with the publication of a collection of Karl Marx's writings that dealt with Romanian topics, showing Marx's previously censored, politically uncomfortable views of Russia. He even went as far as to call for a Warsaw Pact invasion of Polanda significant reversal, considering how violently he opposed the invasion of Czechoslovakia 20 years earlier. Alexander Dubek's version of Socialism with a human face was never suited to Romanian Communist goals. In some cases, if a woman was unable to visit a medical office, a doctor would visit her home.[23]. In 1974, Ceauescu converted his post of president of the State Council to a full-fledged executive presidency. The Autobiography of Nicolae Ceausescu. Trial and Execution: The Dramatic Deaths of Nicolae and Elena Ceausescu Twenty years ago on Christmas Day, the Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife Elena were executed after a summary trial. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. May 19th, 2020 - the autobiography of nicolae ceausescu movie reviews amp metacritic score during the summary On Christmas Day, 1989 he guarded the couple's melodramatic show trial, led them out as Ceausescu sang the Internationale and his less-composed wife screamed "fuck you" at a mocking sergeant,. Biblioteca Digital a Publicaiilor Culturale conine o colecie de periodice i cri romneti din domeniul tiinelor umaniste i sociale, editate de instituii publice de cultur. By the late 1960s, the population began to swell. "The Political Regrouping of Romanian Nomenklatura during the 1989 Revolution". He was very displeased when other Warsaw Pact countries decided to try their own versions of Gorbachev's reforms. Queen Elizabeth II also returned the insignia of the Order of the Star of the Socialist Republic of Romania that Ceauescu had bestowed upon her in 1978.[100]. [14] When Ceauescu appeared before the miners on the third day of the strike, he was greeted (in the words of the British historian Richard Crampton) " once again la polonaise, with cries of 'Down with the Red Bourgeoisie!'". Text of Speech in Revolution Square, 21 December 1989. ProEuropeana este un proiect al Institutului Naional al Patrimoniului. [98], A comedy musical enjoyed a world premiere at Seven Arts in Leeds on Sunday 21 May 2017. The 90-minute film of their trial and execution, which appeared in pirated and official versions on French television last week, indicates that the couple may have been killed, separately, by. Autobiografia lui Nicolae Ceausescu. Film documentar de propaganda menit sa marcheze cucerirea puterii de catre comunisti. Upon his death in 1996, the younger son, Nicu, was buried nearby in the same cemetery. One of his first acts was to change the name of the party from the Romanian Workers' Party back to the Communist Party of Romania and to declare the country a socialist republic, rather than a people's republic. This is "Death of a Dictator - Nicolae Ceausescu - 1990" by Gert Elhorst on Vimeo, the home for high quality videos and the people who love them. Careful though, there is one fake where two people dressed like them walk away. The strong opposition to Ceauescu on all forms of perestroika and glasnost placed Ceauescu at odds with Mikhail Gorbachev. The three were arrested immediately. The profile file from the secret police, Sigurana Statului, named him "a dangerous Communist agitator" and "distributor of Communist and antifascist propaganda materials". Romanian Dictator Nicolae and Elena ceausescu executed.Nicolae and Elena Ceausescu before execution (December, 1989)By the morning of 22 December, the rebell. [10] For these charges, he was convicted on 6 June 1936 by the Braov Tribunal to 2 years in prison, an additional 6 months for contempt of court, and one year of forced residence in Scorniceti. child abandonment became commonplace and a considerable number of women either died or were maimed from clandestine . 9,000 United States dollars) for praising Ceauescu and displaying his pictures on his private television channel (3TV Oltenia). Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Video marketing. Although presented in terms of "Socialist Humanism", the Theses in fact marked a return to the strict guidelines of Socialist Realism and attacks on non-compliant intellectuals. On 6 July 1971, he delivered a speech before the executive committee of the Romanian Communist Party. The contradictions between domestic and foreign policies in the Cold War Romania (19561975), Ferrero, M.D, 2006, Historia Actual Online. In 1978 he became a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) in the UK,[84][circular reference] a title of which he was stripped in 1989. According to the information recorded in his autobiography, Nicolae Ceauescu was born on January 26, 1918. Draconian restrictions were imposed on the household energy use to ensure an adequate supply for the industry. Palgrave Macmillan, London, Lecture 24: The failure of Balkan Communism and the causes of the Revolutions of 1989, "Nu v fie mil, au 2 miliarde de lei n cont", Extracts from the minutes of a Romanian senate hearing, 14 December 1994, Transcript of the closed trial of Nicolae and Elena Ceauescu, Nicolae Ceauescu's last speech in public, General Secretaries of the Romanian Communist Party, Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public, American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, National Coalition Supporting Soviet Jewry, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicolae_Ceauescu&oldid=1142486673, Annulled Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, Collars of the Order of the Liberator General San Martin, Grand Collars of the Order of Saint James of the Sword, Grand Crosses Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania), People executed by Romania by firing squad, Recipients of the Grand Star of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria, Recipients of the Order of the Liberator General San Martin, Heads of government who were later imprisoned, Recipients of the Order of the Hero of Socialist Labour, Articles with Romanian-language sources (ro), Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2022, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Articles needing additional references from October 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from January 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, Articles lacking reliable references from August 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0.
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