Tiglian (Early Pleistocene) 0.5 million years ago. This species was originally described on external features alone, the internal features being indicated only by weathered calices. They were enormous standing approximately 9 feet tall and weighing around 1,000 pounds. The major septa are strong and straight, reaching nearly to the column. It presents taxonomic, distributional, and ecological data about the entire fossil record. 2, figs. Instead of this their soft parts are surrounded with a large body pleat, the so called mantle or pallium, which in most species . [not] Lophophyllum profundum Beede, 1900, Kansas Univ. 544, p. 19, pl. Survey, Bull. Binomial nga ngaran. Survey, vol. Beds over Coal No. 5, fig. The arrangement in the upper part of the neotype is as follows: counter septum, 7 metasepta, alar septum, 3 metasepta, cardinal septum, 3 metasepta, alar septum, 7 metasepta, and counter septum again, a total of 24 major septa. Diverse early endobiotic coral symbiont assemblage from the Katian (Late Ordovician) of Baltica. no. A cardinal fossula and alar pseudofossulae are rather prominent. Diagnosis. They believe that they are still living high up in the Himalayan Mountains and are now living as a mythological creature known as a Yeti. [1] Species [ edit] According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the following species with valid names are included within the genus Neptunea : [1] Neptunea acutispiralis Okutani, 1968 He also indicates that there is no known place in the county where equally well preserved corals can be obtained from the beds above coal No. The thickening of septa and deposition of stereoplasm in the lower half of the corallite conceals most of the details of this part. Neptunea tabulata. No tabulae are recognized but it seems probable that they actually are present, though concealed by stereoplasm. A lower section shows the major septa reaching nearly to the axial column and joined to it and to each other by steroplasm. The fossil is the shell of the Neptunea,which are small snail like creatures from the ocean. Some cryptozoologists believe that these apes never went extinct. 7-10Soschkina, 1925, Soc. Specimens of Flint Ridge corals, along with the rest of that fauna, were studied by Foerste in 1887 (p. 86) who identified them as Cyathaxonia prolifera McChesney. 12, figs. Neptuneatabulata (Baird, 1863) Taxonomic Serial No. [not] Lophophyllum proliferum Kayser, 1883, in Richtofen, China, Bd. The neotype specimen is 30.0 mm in length and 12.7 mm in diameter, at the calyx. The type specimen is 21.5 mm in height and 10.8 mm in diameter, just below the calyx. They could have been anywhere from 12 to 20 times stronger than a modern human being! The cardinal fossula is large. In upper sections the column persists as a solid rodlike structure and passes from a broad oval shape to an elongated thin ellipse in successive transverse sections. 20, figs. 2, pt. [ 4][ 5] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life. = mollis) body. The inadequate nature of the illustrations, lack of description of sectioned material, poorly preserved silicified type material, and the manner in which some structural features are described give reason for question as to the actual nature of the genotype described by Okulitch and Albritton (1937, p. 24) as Malonophyllum texanum. la-d. The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. Inasmuch as tabulae were thought by Meek to be absent in the Cyathaxonidae, he referred Cyathaxonia prolifera to the genus Lophophyllum. Collected by R. C. Moore. Neptunea tabulata Tertiary Period Calyptraphorus velatus Eocene Venericardia planicosta Cretaceous Period 145 to 66 million Scaphites hippocrepis Inoceramus labiatus Jurassic Period Perisphinctes tiziani Nerinea trinodosa Triassic Period Tropites subbullatus Monotis subcircularis Permian Period Leptodus americanus Parafusulina bosei These were compared with corals from the "Coal-Measures of Illinois" and reported to agree in all respects. At successively higher positions in the corallite, the amount of this deposit is diminished and the septa are accordingly more distinct. Heliolitine corals of the upper Douro Formation (upper Silurian), Canadian Arctic Islands. Other major septa reach almost to the center but are not joined directly to the column. Indeed, each of the three figures accompanying the original description can be duplicated almost perfectly by one of the specimens sent by Dr. Weller. These tabulae are seen in longitudinal section as nearly symmetrical curves, with the concave side downward. As a result, scientists have only scattered fossils to rely on. The thin theca shows deep narrow longitudinal grooves and broad rounded interseptal ridges. No reuse allowed without permission. Univ. The depth of calyx is moderate in some forms, large in others. L. proliferum was considered to be one of many variations of Lophophyllum profundum and Foerste thought that McChesney's species should be regarded as a junior synonym of L. profundum. Characteristics of Lophophyllidium, as determined from study of the genotype species and other Upper Carboniferous and Permian material, are summarized in the following description. The specimens here referred to L. profundum with question are from a collection loaned for study by J. W. Wells of Ohio State University. The youthful septa are separated into four symmetrical groups by the cardinal fossula, the two prominent alar pseudofossulae, and the two large interseptal spaces between the counter laterals and the counter septum. An interesting fact about Gigantopithecus is that judging them according to their great size, then they must have been extremely strong. Mature parts have very straight septa with little or no axial thickening. Tabulata, major division of extinct coral animals found as fossils in Ordovician to Jurassic marine rocks (488 million to 146 million years old). On the systematic position of Favosites coreaniformis Sokolov. 13, fig. The description of this species is based on a number of solitary long conical-cylindrical corallites that are straight or only very slightly curved in the plane of the alar septa. At 0C, most of the snails shrank in size and did not eat during the . The theca bears well developed longitudinal grooves and ridges that are crossed by transverse growth lines and wrinkles of varying prominence. The Corals. sp., by the lack of rhopaloid thickening of the septa, little stereoplasm except at the column, and absence of recognizable tabulae. The curvature of the corallite in the Permian species is in the plane of the alar septa whereas the cardinal septum lies on the concave side of the corallite in L. proliferum. Pal., Arch. The studied specimens are recorded with question as coming from the lower Mercer limestone, lower Pottsville, Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous), northeastern Muskingum County, Ohio. McChesney gives the number of septa in this species as 35 to 50, but he included the minor as well as the major septa in this count. Scientists cant decide whether these apes walked on their knuckles like modern gorillas or if they were capable of standing on their hind legs. The part of the corallite near the apex of the neotype is so filled with stereoplasm that it is difficult to identify the details of structure. 4761-21. neptunea tabulata behavioral characteristics 2021. Roughly 500 million years ago in the Ordovician period (see table to the left), two orders of stony corals arose. The cardinal septum is very short but the counter septum is attached to the column almost up to the calyx. 1-3. 83, Abt. Neptunea tabulata (Baird, 1863) Common names Flachrand-Neptunshorn in German tabled neptune in English tabled whelk in English tabled whelk in English Flachrand-Neptunshorn in German tabled neptune in English tabled whelk in English Bibliographic References. Draw a time line and place your favorite 5 examples in chronological order. In the solid portion of the corallite the column is not differentiated except for the extension of the lamella of the counter septum to and beyond the axis. ConchBooks, Hackenheim. 2Related organism Neptunea Tabulata in English has Tabled Neptune and in German is Flachrand- Neptunshorn. The median lamella of the column is a direct continuation of that in the counter septum. As indicated in the discussion of Lophophyllidium profundum, Foerste (1888, p. 136) later considered this Flint Ridge coral to be more properly identified as Lophophyllum profundum. W40604 and two specimens from Springfield, Ill., contained in collections of the University of Kansas, no. At 0C, most of the snails shrank in size and did not eat during the first 6 h. At 28C, snails also did not eat, death began to occur at 24 h. when the temperature was 8 C and 12 C, there was no significant difference in the mean feed intake of N. cumingii (P>0.05). In the upper parts the septa are long and only slightly thickened at the axial ends. Neptunea tabulata (Baird, 1863) tabled whelk Upload your photos Google image | No photo available for this species. 17, p. 85, pl. Very short minor septa appear about halfway up the corallite. Introduction This form is also given by Chi (1938, p. 161) as the "genolectotype" of Lophophyllidium. 29, figs. 11-13.Plummer and Moore, 1921, Univ. Learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. Characteristics of a good index fossil Some typical global index fossils and the ages they indicate.. 1-3; 1867, Chicago Acad. 1, p. 1, pl. 1, 2Sayre, 1930, Kansas Geol. Yakovlev's specimen cannot be a neotype of L. proliferum because it does not come from the type locality of the species. Characteristics of Lophophyllidium, as determined from study of the genotype species and other Upper Carboniferous and Permian material, are summarized in the following description. Paleontology, vol. Heliolitids are more complicated because of their coenenchymal tissue between corallites, which consists of tiny tubes - tubuli or wavy dissepiments. 4.Girty, 1915, U.S. Geol. No stage marked by development of conspicuous rhopaloid septa is observed in this species, but in the lower part of the corallite the septa are joined to each other and to the column by stereoplasm. Neptunea tabulata[ 1][ 2][ 3] r en snckart som frst beskrevs av Baird 1863. Stop 4: Locations Found You can often find these fossils, whether it be full fossils or pieces of them, along the coast and shorelines since that was their primary residence. However, the histology of the gills and kidneys differed among test temperatures. 1.Kelly, 1930, Jour. The type specimen which is slightly above average size, is 25.6 mm in length and 15.2 mm in diameter. All rights reserved. In external details the lophophyllids from the Worthen collection show much similarity to the illustrations given by McChesney. The fossil itself is the shell of the animal. 3, p. 134, pl. Other studied material includes about a dozen corallites and sectioned specimens. This species has relatively simple internal structures. A prominent solid axial column projects upward in the center of the calyx. Another term, Zone fossil is used when the fossil have all the characters stated above . 24, figs. In the section just below the calyx the septa are slightly or not at all thickened axially. The cardinal septum is very short, but the counter septum extends beyond the middle of the coral, its inner or axial edge being thickened to form the laterally compressed column. Collected by R. C. Moore in a small stream bed 0.8 miles from highway, 3.5 miles east of Rochelle, Texas. Eight other specimens in the same lot range from 12.1 mm to 33.3 mm in length and 8.2 mm to 10.4 mm in diameter. An Neptunea tabulata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Neptunea, ngan familia nga Buccinidae. 23, Heft 3, p. 5, text fig. Inasmuch as the significance of the distinctive features observed in this group of new corals is not known, corals of the L. newelli type are not now separated from Lophophyllidium. The family Buccinidae. The worm endosymbionts in tabulate corals from the Silurian of Podolia, Ukraine. This is a consistent feature of the specimens studied. Examining the cavities of the fossilized teeth of these apes, scientists have discovered that they most likely lived on a diet of bamboo much like a modern panda does today. Two slightly crushed unsectioned specimens are 19.0 mm and 13.0 mm in length and 7.5 mm and 8.1 mm in diameter, respectively. Their arrangement is as follows: counter septum, 5? Trans., vol. Neptunea Neptunea is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Neptuneinae of the family Buccinidae, the true whelks. 8, p. 194, pl. The calyx is deep and a tall spikelike projection of the column occurs in the center. The thin long counter septum is greatly thickened axially to form the column. The description of this species by McChesney (1860, p. 75) is quoted in full. Mga kasarigan. No illustrations were given. The moderately thick theca shows conspicuous rounded septal grooves and interseptal ridges with fine transverse growth lines. It was described as having a deep subcircular calyx that contains a straight column of subelliptical cross section and 24 well-developed thick major septa. Three other specimens from same locality were also studied. Plate 1--All figures 3 times natural size. Fine growth lines and rare low wrinkles run transverse to the ridges and grooves. 7, 7a; 1928, Same, vol. These corals and the Permian species M. kansasense are characterized by very rapid development of the corallite and restriction of internal structures to the lower part. Counter quadrants are much accelerated. The moderately thick theca shows fine deep septal grooves and rounded longitudinal ridges. Slightly lower sections show the long and rhopaloid major septa slightly joined to each other and to the column by stereoplasm. The calyx is deep and it contains a tall pointed spikelike column. 5, p. 323; I860, Histoire naturelle des coralliaires ou polypes proprement dits: vol. 2, p. 23, pl. Until more is known of the characters of L. profundum and more specimens are sectioned, these specimens may be assigned questionably to this species. The elements of the septa, except for the counter septum, are individually distinct and they can be differentiated from the column, however. Cyathaxonia prolifera McChesney, 1860, Descr. 2, p. 17, pl. Neptunea is a huge group of animals that look like sea snails. The calyx in most of the specimens of this species are broken and the septa of the uppermost sections are displaced. 6, figs. Geol., Bull. The median lamellae of the septa can be recognized usually and they remain distinct where the septa are thickened by stereoplasm. Sections of the lower part of the corallite show the septa almost touching the column or even united to it and to each other by stereoplasm. [4] [5] Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista. Pumpkin Creek limestone, 220 feet above Lester limestone, Dornick Hills group, of Lampasas age, Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous). This species is characterized by the broadly conical form of the corallite, the thick solid axial column, and the nearly flat tabulae that dip downward near the column. Time Period Known in the Cretaceous period Some Rugose and Tabulate Corals. Viviparus glacialis. A, and L. sp. at least three images (index fossil, related organisms, or common ancestors) 3. The genotype of Lophophyllidium was designated as Lophophyllum proliferum (McChesney) by Grabau (1928, p. 99) in the original description of the genus, but some differences in interpretation of the type have developed. 2a-d.Croneis, 1930, Arkansas Geol. The counter septum is extended to the axis to form the column in all except the very mature stages and then remains longer than other septa. [not] Cyathaxonia prolifera Foerste, 1887, Denison Univ. Fossilworks hosts query, analysis, and download functions used to access large paleontological data sets. 4, Abh. 12,14.Mather, 1915, Denison Univ., Sci. 3-5.Heritsch, 1936, Palaeontographica, Bd. The specimens also fit the description in nearly every detail. Transcriptome results showed that temperature change resulted in up-regulation of 2339 genes and down-regulation of 2058 genes in the gills, and in up-regulation of 2300 genes and down-regulation of 2060 genes in the kidneys of N. cumingii. Prominent wrinkles and fine growth lines run transverse to the septal markings. The authors have declared no competing interest. The next year Foerste (1888, p. 136) published a brief note giving his conclusion that the structure of the column in the Flint Ridge corals necessitates placing the species in Lophophyllum. There is no record of the specimens used by McChesney in his original description and they are presumably lost. 8, Trivoli cyclothem, Missouri series, Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous), near Springfield, Ill. Illinois Geological Survey and Illinois State Museum no. London : p 66-71: A Conchological Iconography: Neptunea, p 141-142; Pl. Neptunea tabulata ingr i slktet Neptunea och familjen valthornssnckor. The septa in the upper portion are long and slightly to moderately rhopaloid. Uncategorized by by Were sorry, but GBIF doesnt work properly without JavaScript enabled. ; Rosenberg, G.; Roth, B.; Scheltema, A.; Thompson, F.G.; Vecchione, M.; Williams, J.D. Intraspecific variation in Wenlock tabulate corals from Saaremaa (Estonia) and its taxonomic implications. Fine growth lines and moderately coarse wrinkles run transverse to the septal grooves. The theca bears well developed longitudinal . Also known as guide fossils, indicator fossils, or zone fossils, they are used to identify periods of geological time. Minor septa are not shown in any of the sections but seem to be indicated in the theca of the uppermost section. Fraussen K. & Terryn Y. All rights reserved. Parafusulina bosei. These groups are known as Rugosa and Tabulata. 14.Schindewolf, 1930, Palaeont. In 1887 Foerste (p. 86) described corals from Flint Ridge as Cyathaxonia prolifera. 2, p. 260, pl. The counter side is marked by a sharp smooth longitudinal keel, but the other ridges show no relationship to the remaining septa. Gigantopithecus is believed, however, to have had an unusual diet. The animal's shell is preserved in the fossil. A section slightly lower shows 24 major septa, the alar not being determined from study of the sections. The specimens differ from L. proliferum in the smaller size and more conical form of the corallite, smaller number of septa and tabulae, and absence of minor septa. The typical N. arthritica (N. arthritica arthritica) is distributed in the northern Pacific Ocean, the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk, along the coasts of northern Japan and Sakhalin in southern Russia, Obie voprosy sistematiki i istorii razviti tabult (s harakteristikoj morfologieski blizkih grupp). Zur Taxonomie einiger mittelordovizischer Tabulatenarten Norwegens, Schwedens und Estlands. W46064a. This species comprises medium-sized solitary conical corallites that are distinctly curved in the plane of the alar septa or nearly so. 1, 2, 4, 5, pl. B also have very few tabulae or seem entirely to lack them. Ohio State Univ. An upper transverse section shows this same median lamella and several other small lateral lamellae. Collected by R. C. Moore, southwest of the Country Club, about 3 miles north of Ardmore, Oklahoma. Silur Pribaltiki (Favozitidy venlokskogo i ludlovskogo rusov). A number of years prior to the description published by McChesney, an internal mold of the calyx of a column-bearing coral from Flint Ridge, Ohio, had been described as Cyathaxonia profunda, n. Foreign authors, except Heritsch (1936a) uniformly have used the name proposed by McChesney for corals of this type. The axial column is directly connected to the counter septum except probably in the calyx. Survey, vol. The Neptunea tabulata is a fossil from the Quaternary Period. Which is kind of odd for apes because they usually live on fruits and vegetation. Neptunea are a large mass of ocean snail like creatures. A number of new species, such as Lophophyllidium newelli, L. minutum, L. distinctum, L. sp. They were not collected at Flint Ridge, but are thought to come from the same horizon in Muskingum County, the next county east of that containing Flint Ridge. 11, figs. Sometimes, fossils were ground up in traditional Asia medicine to be used in medicines, which appears to have been the case with Gigantopithecus. A higher-resolution PDF version is available. Inasmuch as the material studied by Yakovlev was not part of that used by McChesney in describing the species, the Russian specimen cannot become a lectotype. Lophophyllum proliferum Meek and Worthen, 1873, Illinois Geol. Furthermore, the DEGs were subject to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, and which showed that most of the DEGs in gill were involved in protein folding, defolding, translation, ribosome, and most of the DEGs in kidney were involved in DNA recombination, nuclear euchromatin, RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity. The Illinois specimens of Lophophyllidium proliferum that have been described differ from examples of L. profundum from Flint Ridge in the larger size and more cylindrical form of the corallite, more numerous septa and tabulae, and greater development of minor septa. In each transverse section the counter septum is placed at the top. They were enormous - standing approximately 9 feet tall and weighing around 1,000 pounds. Kansas no. Univ. Both the incompletely known genotype and the Permian species called M. kansasense Moore and Jeffords (1941, p. 76) show lack of distinct alar pseudofossulae, more prominent rhopaloid septa, and a more independent axial column in the upper part of the corallite. The shell goes up in 4. 15-18, text-fig.--pl. The lot sent by Dr. Wells includes two complete corallites, one longitudinal thin section, and four transverse thin sections, seemingly from the same corallite. The earliest endosymbiotic mineralized tubeworms from the Silurian of Podolia, Ukraine. It has deeply channeled shoulders and fine spiral ribs. Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS Gastropoda | Neogastropoda | Buccinidae Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Biological evolution The Neptunea tabulata is a Quaternary Period fossil. 17850 (two corallites and five thin sections). Another specimen shows the septal arrangement clearly in a section halfway up the corallite, as follows: counter septum, 6 metasepta, alar septum, 3 metasepta, cardinal septum, 3 metasepta, alar septum, 6 metasepta, and the counter septum again. Espesye: Neptunea tabulata. L. newelli, L. minutum, L. distinctum, L. sp. Plate 2--All figures 3 times natural size. Foerste (1888) also states that the characterization of L. profundum given by Edwards and Haime is very good, considering the nature of the specimens usually found. [ 4] 12, p. 220, text fig. This era is considered as the age of medieval life. 2, figs. It can be distinguished easily from Lophophyllidium murale, n. Cyathaxonia profunda Edwards and Haime, 1851, Mon. 2, p. 86, pl. Surprisingly, the first fossils of this ape were found in an apothecary shop in China by Ralph von Koenigswald. The septa are straight and thin in adult forms but may be curved and rhopaloid (thickened at their inner margin) in youth. The characteristic axial column, a solid rodlike structure that in most specimens is compressed laterally, is formed by the thickened axial part of the counter septum and the very steeply upbent axial portions of the tabulae, thickened by steroplasm. Physical characteristics 1. 1-6a, pl. Transverse ornamentation consists of fine growthlines. And it was higher than the average conch intake under other temperature conditions. (2007). Also known as guide fossils, indicator fossils, or zone fossils, they are used to identify periods of geological time. There is no indication of radicles on any of the specimens however. The axial column is broadly oval in transverse section and is directly connected to the counter septum throughout most of the corallite, although free in the uppermost part. 5, p. 371, pl. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase activities (SOD) of the gill and kidney differed significantly among the temperature conditions (p < 0.05). The behavior of the marine snail Neptunea cumingii cultured at different temperatures (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 (control), 20, 24, and 28C) and the histology, immune enzyme activity, and transcriptome of its gills and kidneys were studied using ecological and molecular methods. 8. 14, pl. Weathered specimens show the exterior of the column to be covered with many somewhat anastomosing longitudinal ridges, slightly curved towards the counter septum and intersected by short transverse ridges. Smith (1934, p. 129) has published the opinion that the form described by Yakovlev is not conspecific with L. proliferum (McChesney) and that it belongs instead to Lophophyllum orientals Smith. An interesting fact about Gigantopithecus is that judging them according to their great size, then they must have been extremely strong. The Neptunea Tabulata is a fossil from the most recent period, the Quaternary period of Cenozoic Era. Tabulates are large, but their finer taxonomy is observed only from peels and thin-sections. Heritsch (1936a, p. 109) selected as "lectotype" the specimen described by Yakovlev (1903, p. 1) as Lophophyllum proliferum (McChesney). The minor septa are introduced first in the counter quadrants in an irregular manner and remain very short. Since 1900 most American authors have considered Cyathaxonia prolifera as equivalent to C. profunda and almost no specimens have been assigned by them to Lophophyllum proliferum. J. Marvin Weller of the Illinois Geological Survey, has kindly loaned to me 9 specimens of a lophophyllid coral from the "Coal Measures near Springfield, Illinois," collected by A. H. Worthen, stating that "most of the fossils recorded from the 'Coal Measures of [Springfield] Sangamon county, Illinois,' in Worthen's time were obtained from the Trivoli cyclothem." 7, 7bWoodruff, 1906, Nebraska Geol. They belong to the invertebrates, that means they are missing an internal skeleton that supports or protects their organs. Solitary steeply conical corallites, the lower part slightly curved in the plane of the alar septa, are included in this species. 32, figs. References. metasepta, alar septum, 3 metasepta, cardinal septum, 3 metasepta, alar septum, 5 metasepta, and back to the counter septum again. At 0C, the morphology of the gill pieces was difficult to judge. In 1872 Meek (p. 144) described some specimens of a small column-bearing coral from Nebraska. A few thin uparched tabulae are present but are rare in upper portions. 2nd ed. 15.Heritsch, 1931, Abh. Normally pair of thin-sections is made from transverse and vertical directions of colony growth. 18, p. 91, pl. The phylum of Mollusca contains all the animals with a soft (Lat. Comments to webadmin@kgs.ku.edu 1, figs. 1a-d), seemingly somewhat generalized, are essentially identical. 6806-21c. Book reviews and consultation of ancient or recent works. Lophophyllidium mundulum is distinguished from L. confertum, n. The URL for this page is http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/Bulletins/41_5/page2.html. Organization of field trips and discussion of the results. The cardinal fossula is conspicuous but alar pseudofossulae are rather poorly defined at all stages. A, and L. sp, B, differ from others referred to this genus in the restriction of the immature characters to a very small part of the apical region, the scarcity or absence of tabulae, and the large alar pseudofossulae. An open cardinal fossula and large alar pseudofossulae are developed. If you take a close look at Gigantopithecus, especially ones that depict these apes next to humans, and youll see why these apes were given their name. new Paleozoic fossils, p. 75; 1865, Illustrations of new species of fossils, pl. Several longitudinal sections were reported, but only one fragment is illustrated and it shows distinct tabulae arching steeply toward the column. Geol. Presentation of latest issues of the most important shell periodicals. Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas. NewDinosaurs.com, 2023. February 7, 2021 pecten gibbus behavior. A lectotype is a specimen, selected from a number of specimens upon which an author based a species (Arkell 1933, p. 601; Schenk and McMasters, 1936, p. 6).
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