[256] They have won three World Series titles, including the 2016 World Series, but had the dubious honor of having the two longest droughts in American professional sports: They had not won their sport's title since 1908, and had not participated in a World Series since 1945, both records, until they beat the Cleveland Indians in the 2016 World Series. Three of the most heavily Catholic cities also are the nations three largest cities. Also, an outdoor restaurant transforms into an ice rink in the winter season. Chicago nicknames or aliases (official or unofficial): Chi-Town, City in a Garden, The City of the Big Shoulders, The City . [100], When Chicago was founded in 1837, most of the early building was around the mouth of the Chicago River, as can be seen on a map of the city's original 58 blocks. A 2017 study by Walk Score ranked Chicago the sixth-most walkable of fifty largest cities in the United States. The Joffrey Ballet and Chicago Festival Ballet perform in various venues, including the Harris Theater in Millennium Park. [234] The Chicago-style thin crust is also popular in the city. Cubans first migrated to Chicago during the 1950s. But some of the nations biggest metropolitan areas have a very different look. Computer and Internet Use. After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, a new wave of immigrants from the mainland came in the 1950s. Anarchist and socialist groups played prominent roles in creating very large and highly organized labor actions. [241], Chicken Vesuvio is roasted bone-in chicken cooked in oil and garlic next to garlicky oven-roasted potato wedges and a sprinkling of green peas. frequency of prayer by metro area, Learn More: frequency of prayer, At least daily, Weekly, Seldom/never, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who attend prayer group, Compare: The southwest side is also the location of the Polish Highlanders Alliance of North America. He created Lincoln Park by closing a cemetery filled with shallow graves, and in 1867, in response to an outbreak of cholera he helped establish a new Chicago Board of Health. [225] Upscale shopping along the Magnificent Mile and State Street, thousands of restaurants, as well as Chicago's eminent architecture, continue to draw tourists. The Chicago campus of Northwestern University includes the Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, which is ranked as the best hospital in the Chicago metropolitan area by U.S. News & World Report for 201718;[358] the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (formerly named the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), which is ranked the best U.S. rehabilitation hospital by U.S. News & World Report;[359] the new Prentice Women's Hospital; and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago. The main ethnic groups in Chicago include Irish, German, Italian, Mexican, Assyrian, Arab, Bangladeshi, Jews, English, Bosnian, Croatian, Bulgarian, Czech, Greek, Black, Korean, Chinese, Indian, Filipino, Lithuanian, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Albanian, Pakistani, Polish, Hungarian, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Swedish, Ukrainian, Dutch, Belgian, Cuban, Vietnamese, and Puerto Rican. In addition, Chicago is the home of satirical national news outlet, The Onion, as well as its sister pop-culture publication, The A.V. For more than two decades, Chicago has hosted ChicagoSummerDance, the largest annual outdoor dancing series in the U.S. Dont forget, every April is Chicago Dance Month across the city. Only about half of the residents in the Seattle (52%) and San Francisco (48%) metropolitan areas identify as Christians, as well as roughly six-in-ten or fewer of those living in Boston (57%) and New York (59%). [citation needed], Lincoln Park contains the Lincoln Park Zoo and the Lincoln Park Conservatory. [226] Most conventions are held at McCormick Place, just south of Soldier Field. Many of the city's financial institutions, such as the CBOT and the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, are located within a section of downtown called "The Loop", which is an eight-block by five-block area of city streets that is encircled by elevated rail tracks. ", "Ken Griffin and J.B. Pritzker's secret meeting: The origin of a political feud", "Chicago's snack bar wars: May the cleanest label win", "Chicago City Council raises minimum wage to $15 by 2021, but restaurant servers still will get lower tipped wage", "Opaa! Living in same house 1 year ago, percent of persons age 1 year+, 2017-2021. In the 1980s and 90s, the city was the global center for house and industrial music, two forms of music created in Chicago, as well as being popular for alternative rock, punk, and new wave. Population Estimates, July 1 2021, (V2021) . [332], The city of Chicago has a higher than average percentage of households without a car. Chicago's flourishing economy attracted huge numbers of new immigrants from Europe and migrants from the Eastern United States. The strength of the party in the city is partly a consequence of Illinois state politics, where the Republicans have come to represent rural and farm concerns while the Democrats support urban issues such as Chicago's public school funding. Richard M. Daley, son of Richard J. Daley, was elected in 1989. [261], The Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL) began play in 1926, and are one of the "Original Six" teams of the NHL. [44] These issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage. 35.2%. [245], One of the world's most decorated restaurants and a recipient of three Michelin stars, Alinea is located in Chicago. It includes Rush University Medical Center, ranked as the second best hospital in the Chicago metropolitan area by U.S. News & World Report for 201416, the University of Illinois Medical Center at Chicago, Jesse Brown VA Hospital, and John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, one of the busiest trauma centers in the nation.[357]. Du Sable was of African descent, perhaps born in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (Haiti), and established the settlement in the 1780s. Club. [34] Within seven years it grew to more than 6,000 people. (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main Bosnian Muslims were early leaders in the establishment of Chicago's Muslim community. 1 non-Hispanic 2 excluding black and Asian Hispanics. [340] Each company was allowed to bring 250 electric scooters, although both Bird and Lime claimed that they experienced a higher demand for their scooters. The Devon Avenue corridor on the far north side is one of the largest South Asian neighborhoods/markets in North America. [136], There are many sunny but cold days in winter. [4] In 1996, Chicago had the sixth highest foreign-born population in the United States.[5]. In addition, the Chicago Medical School and Loyola University Chicago's Stritch School of Medicine are located in the suburbs of North Chicago and Maywood, respectively. The canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. The mayor of Chicago is the chief executive, elected by general election for a term of four years, with no term limits. 40,000 of them came as refugees during the 1990s and early 2000s.[18]. Chicago has the third-largest South Asian population in the United States, especially many Indians, Bangladeshi and Pakistanis. [citation needed], The city's distinctive accent, made famous by its use in classic films like The Blues Brothers and television programs like the Saturday Night Live skit "Bill Swerski's Superfans", is an advanced form of Inland Northern American English. At the end of the 19th century, Chicago was the fifth-largest city in the world,[156] and the largest of the cities that did not exist at the dawn of the century. [19] There are approximately 14,000 Ukrainians living within the Chicago city limits. an Irishman." [130] A number of Chicago's public art works are by modern figurative artists. By the close of the 19th century, Chicago was the fifth largest city in the world. In the forty years from 1850 to 1890, the city's population grew from slightly under 30,000 to over 1million. belief in hell by metro area, Learn More: belief in Hell, Believe, Don't believe, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who identify as, Compare: Large swaths of the city's residential areas away from the lake are characterized by brick bungalows built from the early 20th century through the end of World War II. [361] Like Chicago, many of them are the main city of a country that has had large numbers of immigrants settle in Chicago. The chief advocate for improving public health in Chicago was Dr. John H. Rauch, M.D. [68][69] The University of Chicago, formerly at another location, moved to the same South Side location in 1892. [230], In 2013, Chicago was chosen as one of the "Top Ten Cities in the United States" to visit for its restaurants, skyscrapers, museums, and waterfront, by the readers of Cond Nast Traveler,[231][232] and in 2020 for the fourth year in a row, Chicago was named the top U.S. city tourism destination. Chicago has one of the largest LGBTQ+ populations in the United States. Of the total population, 28.1% of those under the age of 18 and 15.5% of those 75 and older were living below the poverty line. All other percentages (such as state-level data or data on specific demographic groups) are rounded to the nearest integer (e.g., 23%). [286], According to reports in 2013, "most of Chicago's violent crime comes from gangs trying to maintain control of drug-selling territories",[287] and is specifically related to the activities of the Sinaloa Cartel, which is active in several American cities. To accommodate rapid population growth and demand for better sanitation, the city improved its infrastructure. ), Apostolic Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad. [126] Multiple kinds and scales of houses, townhouses, condominiums, and apartment buildings can be found throughout Chicago. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males. [citation needed], The city has two Major League Baseball (MLB) teams: the Chicago Cubs of the National League play in Wrigley Field on the North Side; and the Chicago White Sox of the American League play in Guaranteed Rate Field on the South Side. The city has one of the largest Assyrian Diaspora populations, with the Assyrian community of Metropolitan Chicago numbering as many as 80,000. 2002. Some Irish already lived in Chicago when it was incorporated as a city in 1837. The city also has one PBS member station (its second: WYCC 20, removed its affiliation with PBS in 2017[322]): WTTW 11, producer of shows such as Sneak Previews, The Frugal Gourmet, Lamb Chop's Play-Along and The McLaughlin Group. The Irish were able to assert themselves in politics due to their large population but also the fact that they knew English and that thanks to the geographic position of Ireland on the periphery of Europe they did not have ancestral ethnic rivalries. The grid's regularity provided an efficient means of developing new real estate property. [11] Illinois. [14] O'Hare International Airport is routinely ranked among the world's top six busiest airports according to tracked data by the Airports Council International. The ethnic makeup of the population is 28% Hispanic and 72% belong to non Hispanic background. [citation needed]. Notable studios includeCinespaceStudios, the largest North American soundstage outside of L.A and Music Box Films, one of the leading distributors of foreign language films documentaries in the U.S. For film fans, theres the free Millennium Park Summer Film Series and film festivals year-round like the Chicago International Film Festival, the Latino, Black Harvest, Reeling (LGBTQ), Underground, Midwest Independent, and Childrens International film fest. Amtrak long distance and commuter rail services originate from Union Station. The name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the indigenous Miami-Illinois word shikaakwa for a wild relative of the onion; it is known to botanists as Allium tricoccum and known more commonly as "ramps". This is one of the most important centers of Polonia. Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. PRRI has been collecting and aggregating data on religious diversity in America continuously since 2013. [296] but shot up to 506 in 2012. In 2016, the population of Hispanics exceeded that of Blacks to become Chicago's largest minority group with non-Hispanic Whites representing 32.6% of the population, Hispanics at 29.7% of the population, and Blacks at 29.3% of the population. For questions about participation in the 2020 U.S. [318], Since the 1850s, Chicago has been a world center of higher education and research with several universities. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4, 1837,[35] and for several decades was the world's fastest-growing city. Persons per household, 2017-2021. [145] Northeast winds from wintertime cyclones departing south of the region sometimes bring the city lake-effect snow.[146]. cities. Seattle, San Francisco and Boston are notable not only because they have relatively few Christians, but also for their considerable populations of religious nones (atheists, agnostics and those who say their religion is nothing in particular). [287] In 2013, the violent crime rate was 910 per 100,000 people;[289] the murder rate was 10.4 while high crime districts saw 38.9, low crime districts saw 2.5 murders per 100,000. Chicago is the center of the Palestinian and Jordanian immigrant communities in the United States,[28][29] and additionally has a large Assyrian population. Those with skills in demand couldand often didstay. Chicago has several other contemporary and jazz dance troupes, such as the Hubbard Street Dance Chicago and Chicago Dance Crash. [26], In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by the Potawatomi, a Native American tribe who had succeeded the Miami and Sauk and Fox peoples in this region. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. Chicago is also home to a number of national radio shows, including Beyond the Beltway with Bruce DuMont on Sunday evenings. As the former Yugoslavia continued to find its identity as a nation over the last century, the people of Bosnia and Herzegovina sought stability and new beginnings in the city of Chicago many intending to return to their homeland. Visit ChooseChicago.com, Chicago's Official Tourism Website. [24] Henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the eponymous wild "garlic" grew profusely in the area. [235] Certain Chicago pizza favorites include Lou Malnati's and Giordano's. Within the span of forty years, the city's population grew from slightly under 30,000 to over 1 million by 1890. Chicago is a major transportation hub in the United States. Chicago is the theatre capital of the U.S. birthplace of storefront theatre and improv comedy, home to long-running Broadway hits and boasting more world premieres than any other city in the country. From 1995 to 2008, the city had a blue bag program to divert recyclable refuse from landfills. [15] Chicago has the third largest Italian American population in the United States, behind only New York City and Philadelphia. The city is the site of an influential hip-hop scene, and it has launched new music and dance styles such as Chicago juke and footwork. [177] Chicago also has a sizable non-Christian population. [309] Northside College Preparatory High School is ranked second, Jones College Prep is third, and the oldest magnet school in the city, Whitney M. Young Magnet High School, which was opened in 1975, is ranked fourth. Discovery Channel films two shows in Chicago: Cook County Jail and the Chicago version of Cash Cab. Contributors have included Ezra Pound, William Butler Yeats, William Carlos Williams, Langston Hughes, and Carl Sandburg, among others. The racial and ethnic makeup of this state is as follows: White (81.3%), Hispanic (20.7%), African American (4%), Asian American (2.8%), and Native American (1.1%). [144], Like other major cities, Chicago experiences an urban heat island, making the city and its suburbs milder than surrounding rural areas, especially at night and in winter. [84] While home loan discriminatory redlining against blacks continued, the real estate industry practiced what became known as blockbusting, completely changing the racial composition of whole neighborhoods. The University of Chicago Oriental Institute has an extensive collection of ancient Egyptian and Near Eastern archaeological artifacts. [305], In September 2016, an Illinois state appellate court found that cities do not have an obligation under the Illinois Constitution to pay certain benefits if those benefits had included an expiration date under whichever negotiated agreement they were covered. Ansari, Azadeh and Rosa Flores (January 2, 2017). [12][13], Chicago is an international hub for finance, culture, commerce, industry, education, technology, telecommunications, and transportation. Future expansion will extend the Riverwalk south an additional 1.8 miles from Lake Street to Ping Tom Memorial Park in Chinatown. Of the total population in 1900, more than 77% were either foreign-born or born in the United States of foreign parentage. The vast majority of Chicago Hispanics are of Mexican descent. Chicago. The Puerto Rican-influenced jibarito is a sandwich made with flattened, fried green plantains instead of bread. These areas contribute famous skyscrapers, abundant restaurants, shopping, museums, a stadium for the Chicago Bears, convention facilities, parkland, and beaches. [111], In the late-1920s, sociologists at the University of Chicago subdivided the city into 77 distinct community areas, which can further be subdivided into over 200 informally defined neighborhoods. Both the Bulls and the Blackhawks play at the United Center. Chicago's demographic, cultural, and religious transformation at the turn of the century posed a number of challenges to this evangelical mission. [178] Roman Catholicism and Protestantism are the largest branches (34% and 35% respectively), followed by Eastern Orthodoxy and Jehovah's Witnesses with 1% each. The citizens of Chicago have not elected a Republican mayor since 1927, when William Thompson was voted into office. By the time of the official census count in 1990, it was overtaken by Los Angeles as the United States' second largest city. [citation needed], Chicago has been a hub of the retail sector since its early development, with Montgomery Ward, Sears, and Marshall Field's. Most of the city's high-rise commercial and residential buildings are close to the waterfront. A third or more of people in each of those metropolitan areas (37% in Seattle, 35% in San Francisco and 33% in Boston) are religious nones.. [132], The city lies within the typical hot-summer humid continental climate (Kppen: Dfa), and experiences four distinct seasons. The average land elevation is 579ft (176.5m) above sea level. Welcome to Chicago, the third largest city in the United States, with a population of nearly three million people. Frank Gehry's detailed, stainless steel band shell, the Jay Pritzker Pavilion, hosts the classical Grant Park Music Festival concert series. The Maxwell Street Polish is a grilled or deep-fried kielbasaon a hot dog roll, topped with grilled onions, yellow mustard, and hot sport peppers. Religion Census 2010 offers unique insights into religious populations. The central area includes the Near North Side, the Near South Side, and the Near West Side, as well as the Loop. In 1803, the U.S. Army constructed Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed during the War of 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn by the Potawatomi before being later rebuilt. [215], Downtown is the center of Chicago's financial, cultural, governmental and commercial institutions and the site of Grant Park and many of the city's skyscrapers. The aldermanic, mayoral, and other city offices are filled through nonpartisan elections with runoffs as needed. [107], Major sections of the city include the central business district, called The Loop, and the North, South, and West Sides. The Chicago metropolitan area is the third-largest media market in North America, after New York City and Los Angeles and a major media hub. Chicago has a large Irish American population, with many still residing on the South Side. [339] The program started on June 15 with 10 different scooter companies, including scooter sharing market leaders Bird, Jump, Lime and Lyft. This proved successful and blue bins were rolled out across the city. attendance at prayer groups by metro area, Learn More: frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups, At least once a week, Seldom/never, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who meditate, Compare: The entertainment and cultural magazine Time Out Chicago and GRAB magazine are also published in the city, as well as local music magazine Chicago Innerview. Chicago is also a prominent center of the Polish Cathedral style of church architecture. The Near West Side holds the University of Illinois at Chicago and was once home to Oprah Winfrey's Harpo Studios, the site of which has been rebuilt as the global headquarters of McDonald's. City laws and later, state laws that upgraded standards for the medical profession and fought urban epidemics of cholera, smallpox, and yellow fever were both passed and enforced. Several private schools are completely secular, such as the Latin School of Chicago in the Near North Side neighborhood, the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools in Hyde Park, the British School of Chicago and the Francis W. Parker School in Lincoln Park, the Lyce Franais de Chicago in Uptown, the Feltre School in River North and the Morgan Park Academy. What would become the influential Poetry magazine was founded in 1912 by Harriet Monroe, who was working as an art critic for the Chicago Tribune. Chicago has one of the largest concentrations of Italian Americans in the US, with more than 500,000 living in the metropolitan area. Chicago is also home to the Barack Obama Presidential Center being built in Hyde Park on the city's South Side. belief in God by metro area, Learn More: belief in God, Believe in God; absolutely certain, Believe in God; fairly certain, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say religion is, Compare:
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